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Fluids- Fluid is a substance that is capable of flowing and deforms continuously under the action of shearing stress.
2. Vapours and Gases- Vapours and Gases are highly compressible. Any change in pressure and temperature will change their density. In gases, the mean distance between the molecules is very large in comparison to liquids and the intermolecular forces of cohesion are less.
Vapors differ from the main gases because the Vapours are also subjected to condensation and evaporation of the moisture.
Specific Volume - Specific volume is the ratio between the volume of fluids to the mass of fluids. It is denoted by "v".
Specific Gravity - Specific gravity is also known as relative density. It is defined as the ratio of the specific weight of a flute to that of a standard fluid. For liquids the standard fluid is water and for gas is it is air. It is denoted by "S".
Basically, the fluids are classified into 5 types and these are
1. Ideal fluid
2. Real fluid
3. Newtonian fluid
4. Non-Newtonian fluid, and
5. Ideal plastic fluid
1. Ideal Fluid: A fluid that can not be compressed and have no viscosity falls in the category of an ideal fluid. Ideal fluid is not found in actual practice but it is an imaginary fluid because all the fluids that exist in the environment have some viscosity. there is no ideal fluid in reality.
2. Real Fluid: A fluid that has at least some viscosity is called real fluid. Actually, all the fluids existing or present in the environment are called real fluids. for example water.
3. Newtonian Fluid: If a real fluid obeys Newton’s law of viscosity (i.e the shear stress is directly proportional to the shear strain), it is known as the Newtonian fluid.
4. Non-Newtonian Fluid: If the real fluid does not obey Newton’s law of viscosity then it is called Non-Newtonian fluid.
5. Ideal Plastic Fluid: A fluid having the value of shear stress more than the yield value and shear stress is proportional to the shear strain (velocity gradient) is known as ideal plastic fluid.
